Phosphorus Recovery Systems to Reduce Taiwan’s Import Dependence
Phosphorus recovery systems will be installed at 21 wastewater treatment plants across Taiwan, as the environment ministry seeks to convert phosphorus from sewage into industrial raw materials. The initiative aims to reduce Taiwan’s heavy dependence on imported phosphorus and promote circular resource use.
Speaking at a wastewater treatment forum on Wednesday, the ministry said Taiwan loses up to 6,000 tonnes of phosphorus every year through sewage discharge. Major sources include detergents, human and animal waste, agricultural fertilisers, and industrial wastewater.
Environmental Risks of Phosphorus Loss
Excess phosphorus entering rivers can trigger algal blooms, which reduce oxygen levels and harm aquatic ecosystems. Recovering phosphorus at wastewater treatment facilities will help prevent environmental damage while reclaiming a valuable nutrient.
Taiwan continues to rely heavily on imports to meet phosphorus demand. In 2024, imports of phosphate rock powder amounted to about NT$934 million (US$30 million). Phosphorus is a critical input for fertilisers, chemicals, electronics, food products, and pharmaceuticals, making its loss both an environmental and economic concern.
Crystallization Technology for Phosphorus Recovery
The ministry plans to deploy crystallization-based recovery methods at wastewater plants. Unlike conventional chemical settling processes, crystallization and membrane technologies allow phosphorus to be recovered more efficiently. These advanced systems also reduce energy consumption and operating costs.
Recovered phosphorus can be reused as an industrial raw material, supporting domestic supply chains and reducing import exposure.
Fertiliser Innovation and Sustainable Agriculture
The ministry said Taiwan Fertilizer Co. has partnered with the Agricultural Chemicals Research Institute to develop a new fertiliser formulation. The product releases phosphorus already accumulated in soil, allowing crops to reuse existing nutrients.
This approach can lower fertiliser application rates and support more sustainable farming practices.
Reducing Carbon Emissions from Treatment Plants
Officials also highlighted the need to cut carbon emissions from wastewater treatment facilities, which currently emit around 260,000 tonnes of carbon annually nationwide. To address this, the ministry plans to introduce smart management systems and low-carbon plant designs.
Integrated Systems for Rural Areas
In addition, the ministry plans to roll out integrated wastewater treatment systems in small communities and rural areas. These compact facilities use electrolysis and disinfection technologies to remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter from domestic wastewater. They are easy to install and can blend into landscape designs.